With the Fulbright Award鈥檚 emphasis on cultural exchange and impact, many Fulbright scholars decide to teach English or pursue work in the humanities. But the scholarship has also created opportunities for Brown alums to conduct STEM research abroad.
鈥淏rown has seen much success in Fulbright proposals for STEM-related research,鈥� Assistant Dean for Fellowships Joel Simundich wrote in a comment to The Herald. 鈥淭heir work builds bridges between researchers in the US and abroad, uniting research aims, linking laboratories and developing global perspectives for tackling the most pressing research questions in STEM today.鈥�
The Herald spoke with two Brown alums who are currently Fulbright scholars conducting research in STEM fields.
Darci Johnson 鈥�22 MPH鈥�23: Social determinants of health and pregnancy outcomes in a socialized medicine society in Oslo, Norway
After completing both her undergraduate and master鈥檚 theses on maternal health, Darci Johnson 鈥�22 MPH鈥�23 now studies the impact of social determinants 鈥� which the World Health Organization as 鈥渘on-medical factors that influence health outcomes鈥� 鈥� of health on pregnancy outcomes in Oslo, Norway. She employs mixed methods, analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data from health records, interviews and focus groups.
According to Johnson, Norway has 鈥渟ignificantly better maternal health than the US does鈥� 鈥� one of the reasons she was drawn to complete her Fulbright there. But she has found that differences in pregnancy care and outcome still exist across various social determinants of health, such as education level, income and immigration status.
Johnson initially aimed to discover what she could learn in Norway to bring back to the US, but her research has developed into exploring how Norway can implement policies to improve barriers to care.
Johnson chose 11 adverse pregnancy outcomes 鈥� including postpartum bleeding and perinatal depression 鈥� and used the Norwegian registry data sets to obtain detailed patient information about pregnancy and birth, which she then linked to demographic factors.
According to Johnson, the ease by which researchers can access data is 鈥渞eally unique to Norway and the rest of the Nordic countries鈥� 鈥� one reason why she chose to pursue this research on a Fulbright.
鈥淭hat鈥檚 been incredibly interesting to see,鈥� Johnson said. 鈥淭here are some factors like income, education or immigrant status that matter more than others, but across the board, with each increasing level of education or income, you鈥檙e less likely to have any of those 11 health outcomes.鈥�
The qualitative branch of Johnson鈥檚 study has three components: focus groups with Norwegian postpartum mothers who partook in a postpartum homecare visit program, interviews with mothers not originally from Norway and meetings with multicultural doulas in Norway.
Johnson has mostly completed the quantitative arm of her study, with the qualitative research still in progress. Through her interviews, she has found that the international mothers 鈥� whom she contacted via a Facebook group 鈥� have 鈥渁 lot to say鈥� about their pregnancy and birth experiences.
鈥淚t鈥檚 been mixed, depending on where people are from,鈥� Johnson said. 鈥淭hey鈥檙e expressing that some things are better here, but also there are things that they鈥檙e used to in their home country.鈥�
鈥淎 lot of people have turned to social media 鈥� to this Facebook group 鈥� to ask questions 鈥� that they feel as if they should be able to ask a health care provider and they are not really given the time to do that,鈥� she added.
Overall, Johnson said she has gleaned key information from her interviews about 鈥渨hat patients think is important in terms of their pregnancy care,鈥� which she hopes to bring back to the U.S. and 鈥渋mplement wherever (she goes) next.鈥� Post-Fulbright, Johnson plans to move to Washington to work in the federal government on public health policy. Still, she hopes to leave an impact on Norway.
鈥淧regnancy care is important worldwide, and particularly with this focus on the social determinants of health, this is something that鈥檚 important in every single country across the world,鈥� she added.
Dylan Ines 鈥�23: Probing for pathophysiology in Vienna, Austria
Before pursuing a medical degree, Dylan Ines 鈥�23 is researching neuropeptides and developing molecular tools for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions at the University of Vienna鈥檚 Institute of Biological Chemistry.
Ines also has a two-pronged project: creating probes to understand the oxytocin and vasopressin signaling systems in humans and studying dynorphins, which are endogenous opioid peptides that have pain relief effects.
鈥淢y goal was to develop tools to understand these signaling systems involved in human health, and then also develop drugs for these signaling systems and the diseases that they implicate,鈥� Ines said.
The objects of Ines鈥檚 research 鈥� signaling systems and dynorphins 鈥� have 鈥渟uper widespread鈥� applications to the medical field, as oxytocin and vasopressin are chemical messengers involved in many physiological processes, including breast cancer, pain management and psychiatric issues.
According to Ines, by creating artificial probes that bind to the receptors of the signaling systems, scientists can visualize how they work.
鈥淭he fundamental goal is to help understand the signaling pathways that are involved in disease so that maybe other researchers can then use that understanding to develop more effective medications, and also understand the way disease works more fundamentally,鈥� Ines said.
He tailored his Fulbright experience in two ways: first, he wanted to pivot to more life-sciences-based research, as his undergraduate work mainly focused on nanochemistry.
鈥淚 chose this lab in particular because I'm currently applying to med school, so it鈥檚 highly relevant to the medical field and it鈥檚 a great experience for me to gain a lot of skills that I think will be useful during my medical education and hopefully thereafter,鈥� Ines said.
Second, Ines wanted to take advantage of Fulbright鈥檚 abroad experience by spending time in a German-speaking environment after being raised bilingually with a German mother.
鈥淚t鈥檚 been just a cool experience to meet people in a different context while retaining the universality of research processes and methodologies,鈥� Ines said. 鈥淭he main factor for me was that I could pursue research that would have a meaningful impact on the scientific community, and hopefully medical practice one day, while also engaging in this cultural exchange that defines Fulbright as an institution.鈥�
